“The growing power of China and the expansion of emerging countries [technologies] is key to driving the momentum of global change in technology and the geopolitical landscape,” study author Maria Papagiorgio, a lecturer at the University of Exeter in the UK, said in a university statement on Monday.
The development of emerging technologies with “unintended consequences” for national security “requires a reassessment of the role of technology in international affairs and its impact on the international system,” the researchers wrote.
The newspaper said China's advances in areas such as AI and 5G, along with the spread of technology globally through initiatives such as the Digital Silk Road, have made China a competitor and “threat” to the United States.
While the perception of a nation's power is often constrained by geographic proximity, the transnational nature of these emerging technologies means that they “cannot be thwarted by traditional air, land, and sea defenses.” do not have”.
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“When faced with a threat, states in an anarchic international system can either balance the threat or capitalize on the source of the threat,” the researchers wrote.
The authors argue that from 2017 to 2023, China's position as a “close competitor to the United States” in the technology sector will increase as it “expends more than China and develops certain key technologies and new technologies needed for China's development.” It found that the government had promoted policy changes aimed at “restricting access to markets, resources, etc.” Counter technological advances and Chinese technology acquisition.”
In 2021, the United States banned investment in 59 Chinese companies in the semiconductor sector, including Huawei. The following year, the Chip and Science Act was enacted to promote investment in the domestic semiconductor industry.
Other countries “followed suit.” [America’s] The newspaper reported that in January last year, the United States, the Netherlands, and Japan agreed to “refuse to provide some advanced chip manufacturing machinery to China and restrict sales of advanced semiconductor equipment to China.” The agreement was also included.
“Acceptance of U.S. policy recommendations may come after months of difficult negotiations, but it represents a concerted effort by the U.S. and its allies to prevent China from acquiring cutting-edge semiconductor technology. ” and aims to maintain indigenous technological superiority,” the team wrote.
“As a result, more than 60 countries have exclusive use of Chinese AI surveillance technology, most of them in Africa and Latin America.”
The announcement in 2019 of a joint U.S.-Singapore partnership in developing AI for national security “was one of the first efforts at strategic collaboration in ET,” the team wrote.
In addition to improving AI capabilities, the paper said, “China is set to own 30 percent of the world's data by 2030,” which also increases the level of threat.
China has dominated the global rollout of 5G, with Huawei leading the global rollout, accounting for 91 commercial deals, mostly with developing countries in Asia.
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Citing moves by the UK, Japan, New Zealand and Sweden to restrict their roles in 5G networks, the team said: “Over the past year, the United States has forced its European partners to restrict Chinese suppliers from using 5G networks. “We have waged an aggressive campaign to persuade them to exclude us from the website.” Due to concerns about espionage and potential impact on global telecommunications.
The US is also expanding its campaign to developing countries such as the Philippines, Costa Rica and Kenya, urging them not to use Chinese 5G technology.
The researchers also pointed to the EU-US Trade and Technology Council, which suggests a “potential partnership to counter China's technological expansion.” The council will be established in 2021 and will focus on export controls and concerns about emerging technologies.
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“In both informal, diplomatic, and formal alliances, the United States seeks to stay ahead of China and counter China's technological advances by raising institutional, administrative, and market barriers to competitors. “We are seeking to strengthen our collaboration with
It added: “China's growing power and ET expansion are key to driving the momentum of global change in the technological and geopolitical landscape.”
